South Sudanese Security Forces Accused of Mass Arbitrary Arrests

Human Rights Watch (HRW) reported on October 25, 2025, that South Sudanese security forces have committed serious human rights violations against civilians, including mass arbitrary arrests and instances of torture. This crackdown is ostensibly aimed at combating criminal gangs in the capital, Juba, but the organization claims it has led to widespread abuses.

HRW revealed that since late June 2025, security forces have been conducting arbitrary arrests under the guise of a law enforcement campaign. The organization’s South Sudan researcher, Nyagoah Tut Pur, emphasized that these actions have disproportionately targeted marginalized children and young people. “Instead of responding to real concerns around criminality, the security forces have used this law enforcement campaign to commit serious abuses,” Pur stated.

According to HRW, detainees have faced torture, ill-treatment, extortion, and forced conscription during these arrests. The situation in detention facilities is dire, with reports of detainees being held in poor conditions, subjected to beatings, and denied adequate food and water. Women and girls also face additional threats, including sexual violence. The organization highlighted that some detainees, including minors, have been coerced into joining the military, violating international human rights law, which sets 18 as the minimum legal age for conscription.

The lack of communication from authorities regarding the detainees’ whereabouts raises further concerns. Families have not been informed of their loved ones’ locations, and authorities have refused to clarify whether detainees were conscripted. This could amount to enforced disappearances under international law.

In response to these allegations, South Sudanese police authorities have denied claims of forced conscription and enforced disappearances. They assert that their operations specifically target criminal elements and that some detainees were relocated to other facilities due to overcrowding.

South Sudan has faced ongoing violence since 2013, primarily between factions loyal to former President Salva Kiir and those supporting opposition leader Riek Machar. Although a peace agreement was signed in 2018, sporadic armed clashes persist, leading to a humanitarian crisis and the displacement of millions. The United Nations has warned of a high risk of renewed conflict if violence continues to escalate.

The humanitarian situation is further compounded by allegations of corruption among political leaders. In September 2025, a court charged Vice President Riek Machar with murder and crimes against humanity related to assaults on security forces. Additionally, the UN reported that South Sudanese political figures have diverted billions in public funds, exacerbating the population’s lack of access to essential services like food and healthcare.

As the situation unfolds, HRW has called on South Sudanese authorities to adhere to their obligations under international human rights law. The organization demands an immediate cessation of arbitrary arrests, an end to the forced conscription of children, and thorough investigations into these abuses. The international community is watching closely as these developments may have significant implications for the stability and human rights situation in South Sudan.